Clear spent annuals and diseased material
Removing dead annual plants and any visibly diseased plant material before winter reduces the chance of pests or disease overwintering in the garden bed.
Cut back perennials selectively
Not all perennials need to be cut back in fall — some provide winter interest or habitat for beneficial insects. It's worth researching specific plant recommendations rather than cutting everything back uniformly.
Protect vulnerable plants before frost
Mulching around the base of perennials and moving sensitive container plants indoors or to a sheltered spot before the first hard frost helps protect them through winter.
